1. (Rarely "lamp-post error") A problem with the discrete
programs by iterative loops. From the following problem: "If
you build a fence 100 feet long with posts 10 feet apart, how
many posts do you need?" (Either 9 or 11 is a better answer
than the obvious 10).
For example, suppose you have a long list or array of items,
and want to process items m through n; how many items are
there? The obvious answer is n - m, but that is off by one;
the right answer is n - m + 1. The "obvious" formula exhibits
a fencepost error.
are fencepost errors. The game of Musical Chairs involves a
catastrophic off-by-one error where N people try to sit in N -
1 chairs, but it's not a fencepost error. Fencepost errors
come from counting things rather than the spaces between them,
or vice versa, or by neglecting to consider whether one should
count one or both ends of a row.
2. (Rare) An error induced by unexpected regularities in input
values, which can (for instance) completely thwart a
implementation. The error here involves the difference
between expected and worst case behaviours of an
algorithm.
(1994-12-01)